A major breakthrough has just hit the AI world. NVIDIA has published a new research paper showing how a tiny “controller model” can orchestrate larger models and tools to solve complex problems much more cheaply. The technique is being called ToolOrchestra , and it has the potential to make AI dramatically more efficient and intelligent. According to the paper, giant language models like GPT-5 are powerful but extremely expensive for every single task. NVIDIA researchers built an 8-billion-parameter “orchestrator” model whose only job is to decide when to call web search, code execution, a math-specialist model, or a big general-purpose model. This orchestrator was trained with reinforcement learning (RL): it tries different sequences of tools, gets rewarded based on the outcome, and gradually learns the smartest patterns. The reward system considers three things: correct answers, low cost/time, and user preferences (e.g., preferring local tools). To overcome the lack of real-world t...